The divider (splitter) carries role="separator" and aria-orientation, plus aria-valuenow/min/max reflecting the current ratio, so a screen reader can announce something like "currently 32%." Dragging with the mouse is standard, and so is adjusting by a fixed step with arrow keys once the divider has focus.
Unlike breakpoints (see the layout category), which switch between a handful of pre-set layouts at fixed screen-size thresholds, resizable panels let the user set a ratio in real time at any screen size — well suited to preferences that vary person to person, like a code editor's file-explorer width or a mail client's list-to-reading-pane ratio.
Each pane needs a min-width (or a minimum %) so dragging the divider all the way to one side can't crush a pane down to nothing or make it vanish.