The container carries role="menubar", each top-level item is role="menuitem" with aria-haspopup="menu" and aria-expanded announcing its own submenu's state. Left/right arrows move between top-level items, and once one menu is already open, moving left or right conventionally opens the next item's menu automatically — no need to press it again. Down arrow moves into an open menu, and Esc closes it and returns focus to the menubar item.
The difference from a toolbar is what happens on press — a toolbar's buttons run immediately or toggle a state, while a menubar item never runs anything itself and always opens a submenu first. The difference from a dropdown menu is count — a dropdown menu pairs one trigger with one menu, while a menubar holds several triggers side by side inside one landmark, along with the rules for moving between them.
Rare in ordinary web apps, it resurfaces in products that reproduce a desktop application on the web — code editors, design tools.