-webkit-text-stroke: width color draws the outline. Combined with color: transparent it becomes hollow outline type, and placed as a big headline over a background it lets whatever's behind show through the letterforms.
The same effect can be built more precisely with SVG text's stroke/fill attributes (stroke alignment, dash patterns, and so on).
When to use
Use for large headlines over an image, brutalist typography. Thin strokes at low resolution can look jagged — suits bold sans-serifs best.