A gradient border colours the entire edge at once; a border beam lights only a short arc with a fading tail, leaving the rest of the edge as an ordinary border. As that arc travels around the perimeter, it reads as a streak of light passing by.
It uses the same double-background trick as gradient border. The outer element gets a conic-gradient that's transparent almost everywhere except one narrow band (say 85–100%) filled with the accent colour, forming a short arc. An inner layer, inset by the border's thickness, covers the centre with the surface colour so the gradient only shows through the edge — then JS nudges the conic-gradient's from angle forward every frame.
Narrow the transparent band and the beam reads sharper; widen it and it approaches a plain gradient border. Keep the rotation to roughly 3–5 seconds per lap — faster gets distracting.
When to use
Use for an "AI" badge, the active pricing tier, or a card representing work in progress. Applying it to several cards at once erases the emphasis — reserve it for the one thing you want noticed.