Put an ordered list (<ol>) inside <nav aria-label="breadcrumb">, and leave the last item (the current page) unlinked with only aria-current="page". Each separator (">") should be decorative — a CSS ::before, say — so a screen reader doesn't read it aloud.
The difference from a stepper is directionality, covered above: a breadcrumb is a hierarchy path you've already traveled and can click back up at any point, while a stepper is a process moving forward through a fixed order. The difference from tabs is the relationship shown — tabs move between sibling content at the same level, while a breadcrumb shows a parent-child hierarchy.
When depth gets very deep (five levels or more), collapsing the middle items behind an "…" is a common pattern.